Introduction to feminism

Introduction to feminism

1.

Because she was facing sexual misconducts from men when she was in public. Felt that it was wrong and women shouldn't be facing this type of things. 

2.

Not many women are in high positions in their work places; even in high court. 

3.

Other women wouldn't have found out about the project. Women and men were able to tell Laura about their everyday experiences via the website. Technology gave people the oppurtunity to come out and gave women a voice to express that what is happening to them is wrong. 

4.

If things like everyday sexism didn't exist men would start to believe it is acceptable again and continue to do what they used to do. Having organisations like this is also a sense of protection for women. By everyone coming together, saying their stories and working together to solve this unacceptable issue feminisim would be stronger and women will begin to be equal to men in society. 

Media Magazine: The fourth wave?

1.

What is networked feminism - Networked feminism is a wave of events which gave women more rights and equalities such as the suffrage; right to vote, equal rights which then led onto the equal pay act, tackling social equality etc. 

2.

First wave of feminism for suffrage.

Second wave of feminism for equal rights and equal pay.

Third wave of feminsim for individualism and diversity.

Fourth wave of feminism 'networked feminsim' for tackling social equality on and using modern technology. 

3.

Everyday Sexism - Feminists are still characterised as ‘man-haters’. Many thousands of digital campaigns, Twitter hashtags and celebrity identification could be cited to show the current representation, ideologies and transformation of modern feminism. Everyday Sexism is one of the most high-visibility feminist digital campaigns. The basis of feminist theory is that we have to fight society’s original structures in order to create new, equal ones.

Industries - Ownership and control

Industries - Ownership and control

1.

Conglomerate Ownership - A large company composed of a number of smaller companies.
A media conglomerate is a company that owns numerous companies involved in creating ,ass media products.
Vertical Integration - When a media company owns a range of businesses in the same chain of production and distribution. A company might own the film studio that makes a film, the distributors that sell it to cinemas and then the movie channel that premieres it on TV. Allows companies to reduce costs and increase profits.
Horizontal Integration - When a media company owns a range of different media companies that are largely unrelated. Has media institutions reach a wider audience but like vertical integration, can be a risk if the parent company doesn't understand the market.
Synergy - The process through which a series of media products derived from the same text or institution is promoted in and through each other. Look for links or consistent branding across different media platforms and products.
Diversification - When a company branches out into a different area of the industry e.g. many media companies have had to diversify to internet-driven distribution as a result of new and digital media. In the music industry, major labels such as Warner Music have had to embrace streaming in order reverse years of declining revenue. 

2.

The government shouldn't be more dominant on media conglomerates as they are a business who are entitled to producing whatever content they wish. There are already few laws that restrict them from producing certain types of content and if this tightens up even more they may not be able to produce content that their target market would enjoy. Even if somethings aren't said by the law, there are ethical issues that the conglomerates would have to consider if they start acting in an unethical manner they would begin to lose viewers anyway and people would start hating on the platform so it would happen naturally; the government doesn't need to enforce more laws on them. 

3.

The production process is when they create content that their target audience would enjoy. Promotion is the steps they take to ensure it reaches the correct group of audience once it has been established who their target market are e.g. through advertising on TV. Distribution is the method that makes it easily accessible in the quickest way for the target audience. 

4.

- BBC is funded by a licence fee

- The MailOnline receives more income the longer a reader stays on the site

- Sky One needs an income from subscribers

- ITV relies on income generated by advertisers.

5.

Disney is mainly aimed at children and is known to be a family friendly brand. Has a reputation for creating animation since the 20th Century. 

Marvel is known for their superhero representation. Even if violence is being shown in their products, they will also reinforce mainstream values so that they don't influence kids who are their main target market. 

6.

Artists no longer just sign away the rights to their music; a ‘360 deal’ is a contract that gives the record company a percentage of all the income generated by a musical artist. Can no longer generate most of its profits through the sale of music itself.

7.

Google now owns YouTube, and has revolutionised the way we access music and moving-image entertainment and information.

Amazon, Netflix and Yahoo nowcreate, produce and ‘broadcast’their own TV shows.

8.

As technology and media develops, traditional values are going to be lost eventually and media platforms that still follow traditional values will struggle to survive as the growing population prefers the newer things so they are losing out on audience as traditional media institutions do not respond quickly to change. 

9.

Having diversification and vertical integration would help companies survive in the growing world as even if one thing they produce goes out of fashion and loses customers, they still have another category that audiences would enjoy and therefore keep the business running. 

Representation theory blog task

1.

- Representations are always, in some way, filtered through someone’s point of view & carry meanings or values.

- The media intervene and stand between the object and what we see; the way they communicate the images changes the representation of it. 

- When we see something in the media it has in some way been mediated by the very act of representation.

2.

In one picture they portrayed her as an alcoholic as she is drinking her whine whiles her husband seems to have an annoyed face and in the other picture she is portrayed as a more formal person.

3.

All media products have a specific function which will impact representation. Representations are the cumulative effect of collection of media language choices. Barthes argues that the ‘naturalisation’ of ideas in this way acts to hide the ideology from view; comes across as being common sense. Suggests that certain ideas go unquestioned.

4.

5.

People have more opportunities for people to represent themselves. Engage in act of self-representation, also mean that previously under-represented groups may now be able to create a broader media presence.

6.

During the 2014 World Cup, The Sun sent a free newspaper to 22 million households in England which represented its own concepts of ‘Englishness’ by symbolic references.

Taken Trailer:

Throughout the trailer you can see elements of stereotyping where men are the strong and powerful ones who fight each other whiles women are frightened, in shock or crying in the shots that are shown. The mood of the setting also changes once the main characters reach Europe from America, the lighting is darker and the mood is set to be a lot more dull as bad things start occurring. 

The Cultural Industries

1.

The creation, production, and distribution of products of a cultural or artistic nature.

2.

Tend to be societies that support the conditions where large companies, and their political allies, make money.

Constant demand for new products; minimal regulation outside of general competition law; relative political and economic stability; workforces that are willing to work hard.

3.

Texts tend to offer ideologies which challenge capitalism or the inequalities of gender and racism in society.

4.

- Risky business 

- Creativity versus commerce

- High production costs and low reproduction costs

- Semi-public goods; the need to create scarcity

5.

Cannot completely control the publicity a product will receive, as judgements and reactions of audiences, critics and journalists etc. cannot accurately be predicted. 

6.

Media products play a big part in society especially in today's date as everyone either uses social media, watches TV or alternative shows and are very influenced by these things. Although it could be seen as a profitable business, the media is an artistic expression that should not be misused and people shouldn't be producing misleading, unethical content just to generate profit. Profits can be made through producing good quality media products that audiences enjoy, however content shouldn't be created solely to gain profit. 

7. 

Industries use different techniques such as conglomerates who own numerous companies involved in creating mass media products.

8.

Commodification in the cultural industries turns everything into something that can be bought or sold, however in certain areas some people are not fairly rewarded. 

9.

Industry in the US was smaller, not making enough/any money, economics of the whole visual industry changed.

10.

Turning everything into something that is bought or sold. 

11.

I agree with this argument to a certain extent as not everything reaches a large group of audience. Most these things are also only for a niche market so they do not reach the wider audience as only certain groups of people would see them. 

12.

- These large conglomerates are now connected in complex ways however there are also many small and medium sized companies who create cultural products

- Cultural products can now be shared across national borders; this increased the adaptation.

- Huge increase in the amount companies spend on advertising which has helped to fuel the growth of the cultural industries

Media regulation

1.

Systems of regulation are required to provide rules and regulations to ensure that organisations operate fairly. Regulators also provide somebody for audiences to complain to if they see something they don’t like. 

2.

 OFCOM – the office of communication; regulates broadcast media. 

3.

Section 4: Religion as some shows could be offensive to certain religions and may be classified as racist. 

Section 8: Privacy as someone has every right to report it if they feel like they're privacy has been invaded.

Section 2: Harm and Offence if the scenes being shown might provoke other people to do the same dangerous things then audience should report it for safety of themselves and others. 

4.

Channel 4 shouldn't broadcast films or shows that provoke violent behaviour before the watershed as young people would still be watching and may get influenced by the things they see on TV and develop aggressive behaviours in their day-to-day lives as well. 

5.

Section 4: Harassment

Section 13: Financial Journalism

Section 7: Children in Sex Cases

Section 12: Discrimination

Section 9: Reporting of Crime

6.

The lack of statutory powers means that when a newspaper has been found to break the rules, the best victim can hope for is an apology.
Newspapers seem to fly in the face of the rules on a pretty regular basis and that very little is done to stop them

7.

An inquiry into the “culture, practice and ethics of the press” as a result of the phone hacking scandal. Two people were put in prison for illegally intercepting phone calls connected to the royal family. Leveson Enquiry made people realise that phone hacking was much more widespread throughout the industry. 

8.

The Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO).

9.

Free press is important as this is the only way people would be able to find out the news even if they don't have TV's or any other technological devices. It also provides people with more accurate information that doesn't need to be filtered out to suit certain regulations. People get to hear the truth a lot of the times rather than what the media wants them to hear.

10.

The internet is difficult to regulate as there are so many different digital platforms on it with thousands of people using several different apps and posting whatever they want so it is more difficult to filter what should and shouldn't post. Some apps also don't have certain regulations and or do not realise that people are violating their guidelines unless someone else reports it. 

Public Service Broadcasting

Of-com Report - 

1.

Over the years people have began to use alternatives to stream TV shows such as their mobile phones and tablets. Weekly, 85% of people in the UK that own a TV watch PBC channels.

2.

The younger population are beginning to reduce the amount of time they spend watching TV. 65+ watching on average 5hrs 44mins per day whereas the younger generations; especially under 24yrs old spend only around 1hr 54mins watching TV per day.

3.

Majority of people in the UK still watching PBC channels in their household. A substantial amount of viewing is not covered by BARB which may be a reason why PBC is still popular amongst many people in the UK.

4.

In 2016 PSB channels spent £2.6bln on UK-originated content.

Goldsmiths Report - 

1.

As a result of the changes introduced by 1990 Broadcasting Act ITV has changed over the last 25years.

2.

 Principles of independence, universality, citizenship, quality and diversity.

3.

- The BBC caters for all audiences

- The BBC is in quite a vulnerable position due to all the growing technology 

-  BBC is the most important part of the television ecology

4.

The license fee should be replaced with a more progressive funding mechanism e.g. tiered platform-neutral household fee, a supplement to Council Tax or funding via general taxation.

5.

- Occupies a critical place in the public service ecology

- Supports independent production sector

- Airs content aimed specifically at diverse audiences

- Has been criticised for not doing enough for older children

6.

Increase its provision for older children and young adults and restore some of the arts programming as it has reduced over recent years.

7.

Television with the characteristics of public service broadcasting now appears outside the public service system e.g. Sky and other commercial broadcasters. 

Final Questions - 

1.

The BBC should retain its position as it is one of the UK's first ever TV channels and has always been producing content that a wage range of audiences enjoy. They also have different shows to offer for different people e.g. Cbeebies for younger children. 

2.

BBC is trying to keep up in today's digital world by creating things such as iPlayer as it is more convenient for people to watch regardless of where they are and they can also go back and watch shows that they missed. BBC also produce new content e.g. reality TV shows or soaps with 21st Century theme to keep up to date and keep audiences interested. 

3.

The BBC funding model has been working well for them over previous years but people are beginning to get frustrated as they are having to pay the license fee even if they don't watch BBC. If the BBC changed this and made it optional for BBC viewers only people may not subscribe to them and make the payment and therefore there would be a decrease in income and the BBC wouldn't have enough funding's to continue creating newer shows and other entertainment.

MIGRAIN October assessment learner response

1. 

WWW - There is lots of potential here: you actually analyse the texts very effectively and generally use terminology with confidence. if you can add theory then I think you'll rapidly progress towards the higher grades. 

EBI - Q1 and Q3 are holding you back... a lack of narrative and genre theories. This is a key aspect to revise and improve. 

In Q4 you start making some excellent points regarding race but could take them much further: black stereotypes etc. (see mark scheme for more ideas).
Keep an eye on written English: apostrophes!

2.

1 - Good analysis of the product that is clear and sometimes engages with the nuanced aspects of how narrative is suggested in the film poster.
2 - Good understanding of the theoretical framework that is demonstrated via frequent appropriate explanation and comparison of the connotations in the products.
3 - Excellent knowledge and understanding of the influences of genre on media audiences and industries that is consistently supported by highly appropriate and effective examples.
4 - Judgements and conclusions regarding the application of reception theory are logical and well supported with reference to relevant aspects of the set product.  

3.

1 - Based on central image of the male as well as the tagline; ''some environments are just harder to live in.'' the audience would be able to make a judgement... I didn't analyse the tagline.

2 - Refer to the colours in the image. 
3 - How marketable the product is.
4 - Refer to dress style of the persona and what it connotes.  

4.

Refer to any theory that links to the question. 

5.

Question 4 was my strongest answer. Because I made strong and clear points, I explained clearly and spoke about how what the magazine has done suits their target audience. 

6.

I did the worst in Question 1 as I didn't refer to theories. 

7.

(First paragraph) III Manors looks like a thriller/action film. As an audience, you can pick this up straight away as the persona is holding a gun and focusing on something else instead of making direct eye contact with the camera. The low angle shot connotes that the character is more superior and it gives them a sense of power and dominance. This links to the narrative theory as it follows the usual pattern of the main character being more superior.